Efficacy of open-ocean ballast water exchange: a review
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چکیده
منابع مشابه
Efficacy of open-ocean ballast water exchange: a review
A literature search was conducted to summarize studies that quantified the efficacy of ballast water exchange. Here, a number of parameters were collated from 68 studies to provide a meta-analysis of the efficacy of exchange. The percent removal of ballast water, organisms, and various physical parameters was investigated to quantify exchange efficacy in terms of volumetric, biological, and wat...
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متن کاملThe Effectiveness of the Ballast Water Exchange Method in Removal of the Heavy Metals in the Ballast Tanks of the Ships, Bushehr Port- Persian Gulf
Ships transport about 80 percent of world trade and transfer approximately three to five billion tons of ballast water internationally every year. Due to the likely presence of pollutants, the ballast water discharged by ships can have negative effects on aquatic ecosystems. This study was conducted on 10 ships that entered the Bushehr port to determine the effectiveness of the ballast water ex...
متن کاملThe Effectiveness of the Ballast Water Exchange Method in Removal of the Heavy Metals in the Ballast Tanks of the Ships, Bushehr Port- Persian Gulf
Ships transport about 80 percent of world trade and transfer approximately three to five billion tons of ballast water internationally every year. Due to the likely presence of pollutants, the ballast water discharged by ships can have negative effects on aquatic ecosystems. This study was conducted on 10 ships that entered the Bushehr port to determine the effectiveness of the ballast water ex...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Management of Biological Invasions
سال: 2016
ISSN: 1989-8649
DOI: 10.3391/mbi.2016.7.4.07